Trusted autonomy between humans and robots: toward human-on-the-loop in robotics and autonomous systems

Systems that can change their behavior in response to unexpected conditions and events during operation are known as autonomous [1]. Autonomy refers to the capability of a machine to perform a task, or part of it, with no-or substantially reduced-human intervention. Over the years, autonomous systems have appeared and sometimes dominated various aspects of human daily activities, such as in robot-controlled operations.