Use of lead to develop models for the deformation behaviour of steel at elevated temperature

Lead is an ideal material to model steel behaviour during rolling. As it displays similar work hardening and dynamic recrystallization behaviour to austenite at elevated temperatures. In the current work lead was used to develop mathematical models to describe the work hardening, and static and dynamic recrystallization behaviours. The incorporation of these microstructural events in the constitutive equation is essential if accurate predictions of rolling load and power are to be obtained in hot strip, rod and bar rolling. Continuous deformation tests at strain rates from 0.01 to 10s -1 were performed using uniaxial compression to model the dynamic recovery and recrystallization behaviours. Interrupted compression tests were performed to measure the softening kinetics of static and metadynamic recrystallization, while the detailed shape of the reloading curve was also considered.