What’s at stake? Determining indigeneity in the era of DIY DNA

Social scientists have found that direct-to-consumer genetic ancestry testing can increase the influence of genetic notions of identity, but has a varying effect on test takers depending on the individual, social and political context. This paper considers the potential effects of genetic ancestry testing on the Indigenous peoples of Australia. We first review the effects of genetic ancestry testing in different populations, particularly Native Americans. We then draw on a comparative analysis of indigenous political structures in the United States and Australia in order to assess the likely impact of genetic ancestry testing in Australia in the coming years. The most salient point of difference is Australia’s relatively broader definition of Indigenous status. Due to this difference, genetic ancestry testing is likely to have minimal social impact among those who already identify as Indigenous, but may significantly impact those who discover genetic ancestry and do not yet identify as Indigenous.