Local perceptions of violent and hateful extremism in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao

This report investigates local perceptions of violent and hateful extremism by residents in three municipalities near Marawi City in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM), and their proposed responses and solutions. The report presents data from 41 focus group discussions (FGDs) conducted with local communities in Saguiaran, Piagapo, and Marantao. It examines local understandings of and concerns about extremism and their grassroots strategies for peacebuilding in a region with a complex conflict history, together with their suggestions on the ways in which civil society organisations could support them. The discussions reveal insights into how socio-economic disparities, historical grievances, and cultural dynamics including rido (clan feuds), shape local experiences and perceptions of violent and hateful extremism. Participant remarks regarding inclusion and tolerance show an interest in additional efforts around gender awareness and increasing support for the integration of marginalised groups in this region. At the same time, however, programs expressly described in terms of preventing violent and hateful extremism tend to trigger anxious responses. The findings emphasise the need for culturally sensitive, inclusive, and community-driven approaches to effectively address the underlying causes of extremism and promote sustainable peace, with a focus on livelihoods and incomes, and educational programs. That said, legitimate concerns about the risks involved in explicitly seeking to counter violent extremism reinforce the importance of extremely careful approaches, to avoid exacerbating very real threats. This study enriches understanding of the dynamics and community resilience in BARMM’s reconstruction and reconciliation processes and aims to support efforts to enhance peace and harmony.