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SECTION

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MISCELLANEOUS MOVEMENTS AND FORMATIONS.

9. Marching Past    ...    ...    ...    ...    ...

10.    The Diagonal March ...    ...    ...    ...    ...

11.    File Marching and Wheeling    in    File    ...    ...    ...

12.    The Formation of Fours    ...    ...    ...    ...

13.    A Company marching in Files or Fours, forming to the

Front (or Rear) ; to the Right (or Left) ; or to the Right or Left about    ...    ...    ...    ...    ...

14.    A Company formed in Fours closing on a Flank, or on the

Centre, and re-forming Two Deep    ...    ...    ...

15.    The Side or Closing Step    ...    ...    ...    ...

16.    Counter-marching ...    ...    ...    ...    ...

17.    Diminishing and increasing Front, by breaking off Files,

and bringing them again to the Front...    ...    ...

18.    Diminishing and increasing Front by breaking into Files, or

Fours, and re-forming Company    ...    ...    ...

19.    Forming Company Square    ...    ...    ...    ...

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50 50 50

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53 53

FORMATION OF HALF-COMPANIES AND SECTIONS.

20.    Formation of Half-Companies and Sections. ...    ...    54

INSPECTING, PROVING, AND DISMISSING. *

21. Inspecting and Proving a Company    ...    ...    ...    55

22.    Dismissing a Company...    ...    ...    ...    ...    57

RUNNING DRILL.

Rules to be observed in Practice    ...    ...    ...    58

♦

KEY TO PLATES

0~ ®”

Captain ..

"Right, Guide Left Guide.

Marker ............................£5

Sergeant...........................rb

Private (Front"Rank)........ . B

Private (Rear Rank) ......... a

Pioneer.............................Hi

Drummer or Bugler    .

Original Formation

i Front Bank Ik ear Bank

Intermediate Formation

front Rank

Rear Bank zz

Final Formation

IF r U nt Bunk

(Bear Bank c-—-:—3

Direction of Movements

On the word One, raise the arms from the elbows, left hand in front of the centre of the body, as high as the waist, palm upwards; the right hand as high as the right breast, palm to the left front; both thumbs separated from the fingers, and the elbows close to the sides.

!On the word Two, strike the palm of the right hand on that of the left, drop the arms to their full extent, keeping the hands together, and passing the right hand over the back of the left as they fall; at the same time draw back the right foot six inches, and slightly bend the left knee.

When the motions are completed, the arms must hang loosely and easily, the fingers pointing towards the ground, the right thumb lightly held between the thumb and palm of the left hand ; the body must incline forward, the weight being on the right leg, and the whole attitude without constraint.

Squad-Atten-    j    On    the word Attention, spring up to the position

tion. (described in S. 1.    .

2. Judging the Time.

Caution,— Stand at Ease, Judging the Time.

{On the word Ease, go through the motions described in the standing at ease by Numbers, distinctly but smartly, and without any pause betwen them.

Squad-Atten-    (    _A    . _p

.•    <    As    before.

tion.    (

If the command Stand-at-Ease is followed by the word Stand Easy, the men will be permitted to move their limbs, but without quitting their ground, so that on coming to Attention no one shall have materially lost his dressing in line. If men are required to keep their dressing accurately, they should be cautioned not to move their left feet.

On the word Squad being given to men standing easy, every soldier will at once assume the position of standing at ease.

S. 3. Dressing a Squad with Intervals.

f On the words Eyes-Right, the eyes will be directed < to the right, the head being slightly turned in that ( direction.

f On the word Dress, each soldier, except the right-hand man, will extend his right arm, palm of the hand upwards, nails touching the shoulder of the man on his right; at the same time he will take up his dressing in line by moving, with short quick steps,

' till he is just able to distinguish the lower part of the face of the second man beyond him; care must be taken that he carries his body backward or forward with the feet, keeping his shoulders perfectly square _in their original position.

( On the words Eyes-Front, the head and eyes will } be turned to the front, the arm dropped, and the posi-( tion of the soldier, as described in S. 1, resumed. Dressing by the left will be practised in like manner.

S. 4. Turnings.—Plate I.

In going through the turnings, the left heel must never quit the ground ; but the soldier must turn on it as on a pivot, the right foot

After any of the foregoing turnings, the word Front may be given, on which the whole will turn, as accurately as possible, to their former front. Squad-Front.    When the soldier has previously turned about, he

will always front by the right about. But if he has turned to the three-quarters right about, he will front by the three-quarters left about; and vice versa. At squad drill with intervals, the turnings will always be done by Numbers, except when the word Front is given, in which case the soldier will judge the time, which must be a pause of slow time after each motion.

S. 5. Extension Motions.

In order to open his chest, and give freedom to his muscles, the soldier will be practised in the following extension motions.

Men formed in squads with intervals will be turned a half turn to the right, before commencing these practices.

Caution,—First Practice.

On the word One, bring the hands, at the full extent of the arms, to the front, close to the body, knuckles downwards, till the fingers meet at the points ; then raise them in a circular direction over the head, the ends of the fingers still touching and pointing downwards so as to touch the forage cap, thumbs pointing to the rear, elbows pressed back, ^shoulders kept down.

On the word Two, throw the hands up, extending the arms smartly upwards, palms of the hands inwards ; then force them obliquely back, and gradually let them fall to the position of attention, elevating the neck and chest as much as possible.

On the word Three, raise the arms outwards from the sides without bending the elbow, pressing the Three. <( shoulders back, until the hands meet above the head, palms to the front, fingers pointing upwards, thumbs locked, left thumb in front.

On the word Four, bend over until the hands touch the feet, keeping the arms and knees straight; Four. •< after a slight pause, raise the body gradually, bring the arms to the sides, and resume the position of attention.

N.B.—The foregoing motions are to be done slowly, so that the muscles may be exerted throughout.

Caution,—Second Practice.

!0n the word One, raise the hands in front of the body, at the full extent of the arms, and in line with the mouth, palms meeting but without noise, thumbs close to the forefingers.

{On the word Two, separate the hands smartly, throwing them well back, slanting downwards ; at the same time raise the body on the fore part of the feet.

J On the word One, bring the arms forward to the ( position above described, and so on. j On the word Three, smartly resume the position ( of attention.

In this practice, the second motion may be continued without repeating the words One, Two, by giving the order Continue the Motion; the squad will then take the time from the right-hand man : on the word Steady, the men will remain at the second position, and on the word Three they will resume the position of attention.

Caution,— Third Practice.

The squad will make a second half turn to the right before commencing the third practice.

¡On the word One, raise the hands, with the fists clenched, in front of the body, at the full extent of the arms, and in line with the mouth, thumbs upwards, fingers touching.

{On the word Two, separate the hands smartly, throwing the arms back in line with the shoulders, back of the hand downwards.

j On the word Three, swing the arms round as ( quickly as possible from front to rear.

{ On the word Steady, resume the second position.

( On the word Four, let the arms fall smartly to | the position of attention.

This practice should also be performed with clubs.

S. 6. Saluting.—Plate II.

Soldiers will be practised in saluting, first by Numbers, then judging the Time ; being turned to the right for the right-hand salute, to the left for the left-hand salute.

B

Caution,—Right-hand Salute, hy Numbers.

SOn the word One, bring the right hand smartly, but with a circular motion, to the head, palm to the front, point of the forefinger one inch above the right eye, thumb close to the forefinger ; elbow in line, and nearly square, with the shoulder ; at the same time, slightly turn the head to the left.

Two    i On ^wor(^ Two, let the arm fall to the side, and

| turn the head to the front.

Caution,—Right-hand Salute, judging the Time.

Right-hand- l On the word Salute, go through the two motions Salute. ( described in One and Two.

Soldiers will be taught to salute with the left hand in like manner. Soldiers, if standing still when an officer passes, will turn towards him, come to attention, and salute ; if sitting, they will rise, stand at attention, and salute. When a soldier addresses an officer he will salute, and halt two paces from him. When walking, soldiers will salute an officer as they pass him, commencing their salute four paces before they come up to him ; they should therefore be practised in marching, two or three together, round the drill ground, saluting points placed on either side of them, care being taken that they always salute with the hand furthest from the point saluted : when several men are together, the man nearest to that point will give the time.

Soldiers will invariably salute anybody they know to be an officer, whether he is in uniform or not.

Marching.

S. 7. Length oj Race.

In quick time the length of a pace is 30 inches, except in “ stepping out,” when it is 33 inches, and in “stepping short,” when it is 21.

In “ double time” the length of a pace is 33 inches.

The length of the side step is 12 inches.

N.B.—When a soldier takes a side pace to clear or cover another, as in forming four deep, which will be hereafter described, the pace will be 24 inches.

S. 8. Cadence.

In quick time, 116 paces, making 96 yards 2 feet in a minute, and 3 miles 520 yards in an hour. In double time, 165 paces, making 151 yards 9 inches in a minute, and 5 miles 275 yards in an hour.

S aluting.

S. 9. The Drum, Plummet, and Pace Stick.

No recruit, or squad of recruits, must be taught to march without the constant use of the drum and pace stick.

The drum will first beat the time in which the men are to march, when the squad is halted ; then, from time to time, when it is in motion. While the drum is beating at the halt, the men will give their whole attention to the cadence ; when it ceases, the instructor will at once put the squads in motion.

In order to ascertain whether the time is beaten correctly, a pendulum or a “plummet” must be used. A variety of pendulums have been constructed for this purpose. When no pendulum is at hand, a plummet can readily be made by suspending a spherical ball of metal by a string, the length of which, measured from the point of suspension to the centre of the ball, must be as follows for the different degreees of march :—

Inches. Hundredths.

Quick......10    15

Double ------    5    18

Thus arranged, the plummet will swing the exact time required. String being liable to stretch, the correctness of the plummet should frequently be tested by reference to a watch.

The length of the pace in marching will be corrected with the pace stick, the accuracy of which should occasionally be tested by measurement.

S. 10. Position in Marching.

In marching, the soldier must maintain the position of the head and body as directed in S. 1. He must be well balanced on his limbs. His arms and hands must be kept steady by his sides ; care being taken that the hand does not partake of the movement of the leg. The movement of the leg must spring from the haunch, and be free and natural.

Both knees must be kept straight, except while the leg is being carried from the rear to the front, when the knee must necessarily be a little bent, to enable the foot to clear the ground. The foot must be carried straight to the front, and, without being drawn back, placed softly on the ground, so as not to jerk or shake the body ; the toes turned out at the same angle as when halted.

Although several men may be drilled together in a squad with intervals, they must act independently and precisely as if they were being

B 2

instructed singly. Each soldier must be taught to march in a straight line, and to take a correct pace, both as regards length and cadence, without reference to the other men of the squad.

Before the squad is put in motion, the instructor will take care that the men are square individually and in correct line with each other. Each soldier must be taught to take up a straight line to his front, by first looking down the centre of his body between his feet, then fixing his eyes upon some object on the ground straight to his front at a distance of about 100 yards; he will then observe some nearer point in the same straight line, such as a stone, tuft of grass, or other casual object about 50 yards distant.

S. 11. The Quick March.

The three most important objects in this part of the drill are cadence, length of pace, and direction.

(The time having been given on the drum, on the word March, the left foot will be carried 30 inches to the front, as directed in S. 10; the right foot will then be carried forward in like manner, and so on, alternately.

The soldier must be thoroughly instructed in this step before being practised in double time.

S. 12. The Halt.

¡On the word Halt, the moving foot will complete its pace, and the rear foot be brought up in line with it.

It is a general rule that after the word Halt, the men, whatever their position, will stand perfectly steady, unless ordered to Dress.

S. 13. Stepping Out.

When marching in quick time, on the words StepOut, the soldier will lengthen his pace to 33 inches by leaning forward a little, but without altering the cadence.

This step is used when a slight increase of speed, without an alteration of cadence, is required; on the words Quick-Step, the pace of 30 inches will be resumed.

S. 14. Stepping Short.

¡On the words Step-Short, the foot advancing will finish its pace, and afterwards each soldier will take paces of 21 inches until the word Forward is given, when the usual pace of 30 inches will be resumed, used when a slight check is required.

S. 15. Marking Time.

On the words Mark-Time, the foot then advancing will complete its pace, after which the cadence will be continued, without advancing, by raising each foot alternately about three inches from the ground, keeping the body steady ; on the word Forward, the usual pace of 30 inches will be resumed.

From the halt, the word of command will be Quick. Mark-Time.

S. 16. Stepping Back.

I In stepping back, the pace will be 30 inches* \ Soldiers must be taught to move straight to the rear» preserving their shoulders square to the front and I their bodies erect. On the word Halt, the foot in ( front will be brought back square with the other.

A few paces only of the step back can be necessary at a time.

S. 17. Changiyig Feet.

To change feet in marching, the advancing foot will complete its pace, and the ball of the rear foot will be brought up quickly to the heel of the advanced one, which will instantly make another step forward, so that the cadence will not be lost, in fact, two successive steps will be taken with the same foot.

This may be required when any part of a battalion, or a single soldier, is stepping with a different foot from the rest.

S. 18. The Double March.

The time having been given on the drum, on the word March, the men will step off together with the left foot ; at the same time raising their hands as high as the waist, carrying back the elbows and clenching the fists, the flat part of the arm to the side ; the head to be kept erect, and the shoulders square to the front ; the knees being more bent, and the body more advanced, than in the other marches. The instructor will be careful to habituate the soldier to the pace of 33 inches.

Squad-Halt. As in S. 12, at the same time dropping the hands and extending the fingers.

The soldier will be taught to mark time in the double cadence in the same manner as in the slow and quick.

S. 19. The side or Closing Step.

Soldiers will first be taught the side step by Numbers, then judging the Time.

1. By Numbers.

Caution,—Right Close, by Numbers.

!On the word One, the right foot will be carried 12 inches to the right, the shoulders and face being kept perfectly square to the front, and the knees straight.

( On the word Two, the left foot will be closed ( smartly to the right foot, heels touching.

( The word One being repeated, the right foot will } be carried on 12 inches as before described, and so ( on.

j When the word Halt is given, the left foot will be { closed to the right as on the word Two.

2. Judging the Time.

Caution,—Right Close, judging the Time.

On the word March, each man will carry his right foot 12 inches direct to the right, and instantly close his left foot to it, thus completing the pace ; he will proceed to take the next pace in the same manner : shoulders to be kept square, knees not bent, unless on rough or broken ground. The direction must be kept in a straight line to the flank, neither inclining to the front nor rear.

On the word Halt, the men will complete the pace | they are taking, and remain steady.

Soldiers will be practised in closing to the left by Numbers, and judging the Time, in like manner.

Soldiers will also be practised in taking any given number of paces to either flank, and then halting without word of command ; the command to be given thus, Three paces Right Close, Quick-March.

S. 20. Turning when on the March.

Soldiers will be practised in turning to the right or left, in making a half turn to the right or left, and in turning to the right or left about, on the march.

1.    Turning to the Right, and then to the Front.— On the word Turn, which should be given as the

Right-Turn. / left foot is coming to the ground, each*soldier will turn in the named direction, and move on at once, without checking his pace.

On the word Turn, which should be given as the right foot is coming to the ground, each soldier will turn again to the front, and move on without checking his pace.

2.    Turning to the Left, and then to the Front.— Soldiers will turn to the left in like manner, the

is coming to the ground, the soldier will move on one pace more and then turn.

3.    Making a Half Turn to the Right, or Left.—Soldiers will also be practised in making a half turn to the right or left, and then moving on (without checking their pace) in a diagonal direction, taking up fresh points, at once, to march on.

4. Turning to the Right, or Left, about.—Soldiers will also be taught to turn about on the march, which must be done by each man on his own ground, in three paces, without losiug the cadence. Having completed the turn about, the soldier will at once move forward, the fourth pace being a full pace as before.

Squad Drill, in Single Rank. äS. 21. Directing and Reverse Flanks.

The Inner Flank is that flank nearest to the point of appui (point of formation).

The Directing Flank, that by which companies march.

The Outer Flank, that opposite to the Inner Flank.

The Reverse Flank, that opposite to the Directing Flank.—(See Definitions.)

S. 22. Formation of the Squad in Single Rank.

At this stkge of the drill, a few soldiers will be formed in single rank without intervals, that is, nearly touching each other. Each man is allowed a space of 24 inches.

The right-hand or left-hand man being first placed, the remainder will fall in in line one after the other, closing lightly towards him, turning the elbow slightly outwards. Soldiers must be carefully instructed in “The Touch,” as, in this formation, it is the principal guide when marching. Each man when properly in line, should be able to feel his right or left hand man at the elbow ; the body must be preserved in the position described in S. 1.

When a squad in single rank is required to drill with intervals, the instructor will direct the odd numbers to take one pace forward, the even numbers to step back one pace.

S. 23. Dressing when Halted.

Soldiers will first be taught to dress man by man, then together.

In dressing, each soldier will glance towards the flank to which he is ordered to dress, with a slight turn of the head, as directed in S. 3 : he must carry his body backward or forward with the feet, moving to his dressing with short quick steps ; bending backward or forward must be avoided ; his shoulders must be kept perfectly square, and the position of the soldier, as described in the preceding Section, retained throughout.

1. Dressing Man by Man.—Preparatory to teaching a squad to dress by the right, the instructor will order the two men on the right, and one on the left, to take a pace and a half to the front ; having completed his pace and a half, the right-hand man will take four side paces to his right ; and the three points thus placed will raise their right arms from _the elbow, at right angles to their bodies.

The instructor, having ascertained that the points are in line, will order his squad to dress up man by man. The third man from the right will take one pace to his front with the left foot, and shuffle up into line in the manner already described : as soon as he is steady, the next man will proceed in like manner, and so on to the left. The faces of the men, not their breasts or feet, are the line of dressing. Each man is to be able just to distinguish the lower ^part of the face of the second man beyond him.

¡When the instructor is satisfied that the line is correct, he will give the words Eyes—Front, on which the men will turn their heads and eyes to the front, the three points will drop their hands, and the right-hand man will close on the squad.

In like manner the squad must be taught to dress up, man by man, by the left ; also to dress back, man by man, by the right and left.

2. Dressing together.—The men must next be taught to dress forward and backward, taking the pace together, but shuffling up or back in succession, the same points being given as in dressing man by man. The words of command will be Squad, By the Right (or Left)—Dress Up, or By the Right (or Left)—Dress Back.

3. Dressing without Points.—When soldiers are on the alignment they have to occupy, and their dressing is simply to be corrected, the words Right (or Left)—Dress, or after the word Halt, the word Dress only, will be given, on which they will shuffle up or back to their places successively, commencing from the man on the flank from which they are dressed.

When no man is placed for that purpose, the instructor should invariably fix upon some casual object on which to dress his line.

It will be found most useful to accustom men to dress on an alignment not parallel or perpendicular, but oblique, to any well-defined adjacent line, such as the side of a square parade ground.

S. 24. Turnings.

The soldier will next practise in single rank, judging the Time, the turnings he has been taught by numbers.

Men are never unnecessarily to stand turned to the rear.

S. 25. Marching to the Front and Fear.

The soldier will next practise in single rank the different marches and varieties of step which he has learned singly, or in squad with intervals ; the same general rules being observed.

Before a squad is ordered to march, the directing flank must be indicated by the caution, By the Right, or By the Left.

During the march care must be taken that neither the head nor the eyes are ever turned towards either flank ; that the dressing is kept by the touch ; and that the shoulders are kept perfectly square and the body steady.

The squad will first be taught to march straight to the front, both by the right and left, in quick time; it will then be practised in all the varieties of step, and in marking time ; after which it will be exercised in the double time.

The soldier will be practised in changing the pace, without halting, from quick to double, and from double to quick. Before the executive word Quick, or Double, the caution Break into Quick (or Double)-Time should be given. In breaking from double time into quick, on the word Quick, the arms will be dropped and the fingers extended.

The instructor should occasionally remain halted in rear of the man on the directing flank ; and, by fixing his eyes on some distant object, ascertain if the squad is marching straight to its front.

When a soldier finds himself a little behind, or before, the other men of his squad, he must be taught to recover his place iu. the rank gradually, and not to jump or rush to it, which would make him unsteady and spoil the marching of the rest of the squad.

S. 26. A Single Rank at the Halt, changing Front.

1. By Wheeling.—On the word March, the right-hand man, called the pivot man, will mark time, turning gradually with the squad, to the new front ; the remainder will step off, the whole turning their eyes to the left (the wheeling flank), except the left-hand man, who will look inwards, and step the usual J pace of 30 inches, the other men regulating their ' length of pace according to their distance from the pivot flank. During the wheel, each man must touch lightly, as explained in S. 25, towards the pivot flank, keeping his shoulders square in line ; crowding must be carefully avoided ; each man must yield to any pressure that may come from the pivot flank, _v and resist all pressure coming from the outer flank.

On the word Halt, which may be given at any period of the wheel, the men will halt and turn their eyes to the front; on the word Dress, they will take | up their dressing by the right, as described in S. 23, LNo. 3.

A squad will wheel to the left in like manner.

Nothing will sooner tend to enable the recruit to acquire the length of step proportioned to his distance from the pivot, than continuing the wheel without halting for several revolutions of the circle.

When men are required to wheel to the rear of the alignment they occupy, they will be turned about, and then wheeled as above directed, receiving the words, Halt, Front-Dress, followed by Eyes-Front, when in position.

After wheeling has been taught in quick time, it will be practised in double time.

"    2. By File formation.—On the word Form, the

right-hand man will turn to the right ; the remainder will make a half-turn to the right. On the word March, all, except the right-hand man, will step off; each man, glancing to the right, will move, at the usual length of pace, by the shortest line, to his place in the new front, and take up his dressing by ^the right.

On the word Front, the men will turn their heads and eyes to the front.

A squad will form to the left in like manner.

This formation will be practised in double as well as in quick time.

S. 27. A Single Rank, on the March, changing Direction.

{On the word Wheel, the men will wheel to the right as explained in S. 26, No. 1 ; the pivot man turning gradually with the squad.

jr a \ On    word Forward, the whole will turn their

{ eyes to the front and step off at a full pace.

The Instructor will give his word Forward when he sees that the men are commencing the pace that will bring the front of the squad perpendicular to the direction in which he intends it to move : this may be done at any degree of the circle.

In like manner, the squad will be taught to change direction to the left.

S. 28. The Diagonal March.—Plate III., Fig. 1.

This march will first be taught commencing from the halt, after

’    1. From the Halt.—On the word Turn, the men

will make a half turn to the right, and on the word March, each man will step off and move correctly in the diagonal direction, no longer keeping the touch. The right-hand man will direct and must therefore pay particular attention to his direction and pace. Each of the other men will glance towards the right, and will retain his relative position, keeping his right shoulder behind the left shoulder of the next man on that side.

On the word Halt, the squad will halt ; and on the word Front, it will turn to its original front.

If the diagonal march has been properly performed, the squad when halted and fronted will be found to be in a line parallel to its original position.

PLATE III.

FIC. |.

TTie Diagonal March.

Half Right—Turn. Quick-March.    Half-Front.