british1924australianpavilion | Australian pavilion, British Empire Exhibition, 1924 : a photographic souvenir of the pavilion, illustrating Australia's attractions and resources; 338.0994 Apb/Een

THE EXHIBITION FROM THE AIR.

[Photo. Campbell-Gray, Ltd

I Ills photograph gives an idea of the position of the Australian Pavilion, which faces the artificial lake across which is the Palace of Industry. To the right outside the picture is the ‘New /.ealand I avilion, adjacent to the Palace of Arts. Directly behind the

Australian Pavilion stands the Stadium.

Facing the artificial lake stands the Australian Pavilion. The building, which is long and simple in design, is the largest of the Dominion Pavilions, It covers about five and a half acres. A cinema theatre has been built to seat five hundred people. There is also a restaurant, where nearly all the food served is Australian. The

architect was Mr. G. J. Oakeshott. F.I.A.

THE EXHIBITION FROM THE AIR

[Photo. Campbell-Gray, Ltd

I his photograph gives an idea of the position of the Australian Pavilion, which faces the artificial^ lake, across which is the Palace of Industry. To the right outside the picture is the New Zealand Pavilion, adjacent to the Palace of Arts. Directly behind the

Australian Pavilion stands the Stadium.

Facing the artificial lake stands the Australian Pavilion. The building, which is lonj» and simple in design, is the largest of the Dominion Pavilions. It covers about five and a half acres. A cinema theatre has been built to seat five hundred people. There is also a restaurant, where nearly all the food served is Australian. The

architect was Mr. (i. .1. Oakcshott, F.I.A.

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Till: QUKHN AT Till* AUSTRALIAN PAVILION.

[Photo. Campbell-Gray, Ltd.

I Ik* (Jueen has proved hersell an enthusiastic supporter of the Exhibition and has visited it many times. I his picture shows Her Majesty near the Forestry Section on her visit to the Australian Pavilion with the King and the Prince of Wales on Mav 20.

THE INTERIOR FROM THE MAIN ENTRANCE.

I he number of different articles produced and ol different crops grown in Australia is remarkable in view of the smallness of the population, There are, indeed, few things which Australia could not grow or make herself. With a climate ranging Irom tropical to temperate, she has a good rainlall over enormous areas, rich deposits

of coal, large forests, and fertile plains.

TUP INTERIOR. LOOKING HAST.

Mns picture indicates the spaciousness and brightness which characterises the Australian I avilion. I he whole building is one long well-lit hall. Some of the chief exhibits in the eastern end aie those ol wool and Irozen products, sugar, cotton, grain and dairying. Here also may be seen displays of shearing, a model sheep station and a flour mill.

I he Australian Hook Stall is at the far end.

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THE INTERIOR, LOOKING WEST.

In the western end oi the Australian Pavilion are grouped exhibits of Australia's manulacturini» industries, a lary>e number ot displays showing her timber resources, and many exhibits of the various minerals won m ditferent parts of the (Common weall h. At a model Mold mine cjuartz is crushed tor gold A scene depicts a diver collecting pearl sliell Others show the site of the Federal Capital, (Canberra, and an Aus ralian vinevard.

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HIP Al’STRALI AN TIMBER TROPHY.

Australia has large timber resources, borest areas extend along almost the whole of tlic eastern coastal belt Irom North Queensland to South-Eastern Victoria. In the South-West of Western Australia and Tasmania there are also line forests. The tunhei is mainly haidwood, the best being jarrah, karri, and ironbark. Among beautiful cabinet timbers are blackwood, Queensland maple, silky oak, and cedar.

A HUSH SAW MILI

Australia possesses the tallest trees in the world, some of them measuring 100 feet in height. There are about 121,000 sejuare miles of forest area in the Commonwealth, of which about 28,000 square miles have been permanently reserved. The best timber areas are generally very inaccessible. Light railways, bullock teams, and timber ¡inkers, and “corduroy' or log roads are used for getting the logs to the mills.

PART OK I'MK TIMBER EXHIBIT.

Australian hardwoods are used in many countries. In New Zealand,China, South Africa, and l ndia, rail way sleepers are ol Australian hardwood. Much of the block paving in London is of Australian wood. Beautiful furniture is made of Queensland Maple, Blackwood, Silky Oak, and other timbers. In 1921-22 forestry and fisheries added £10,373,000 to Australian wealth. Timber exported was worth £1,210,000.

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PART OF THH TIM HI] R SECTION.

I lie pictuies in the background show tlie size ol Australian trees, many of which 1 lse o\ei a hundred leet be!ore the hrst branch. I11 the foreground is a font of \\ est Aust 1 alian Jan ah. I lie examples ol parejuetry display the beauty of Australian timbers. Blackwood, stringy bark, and mountain ash are the woods used.

ABORIGINALS CARVKI) IN AUSTRALIAN WOOD

I his relief carving of an aboriginal and his gin, by Robert Prenzel, a well-known wood" carver o! Melbourne, shows another use to which Australian timbers lend themselves. I here are other examples of Prenzels work on view, viz., a bust in low relief of an Australian girl, and a relief of a Kookaburra, or laughing jackass.

SOMK HXAMPLHS OF WOOD CARVINO.

This picture shows other carvings by Australian Artists in their native woods The Aboriginals and the Kookaburras are examples of IVenzels work. I he large reproduction of the well-known Dante and Beatrice picture is by a Western Australian, W • 11owitt Nearby is a beautiful carving in wood of a bunch of Waratah, native to New South Wales, by Miss Ruth Bannister, an Australian in London.

AN AUSTRALIAN GOLD MINE.

Mining for uolcl has declined in recent years ; blit Australia still produces quantities and was in 1921 the fourth gold-producing country in the world, total value of her output in 1922 was £3,500,000, of which £2,500,000 worth from Western Australia and £300,000 from Victoria. The richest field is

Goolgardie (W.A.) which in 1921 yielded 378,000 ozs.

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THK COAL TROPHY.

Black coal is mined in all the States except South Australia. In 1922 the total value

of coal raised was £10,500,000 and of this New South Wales contributed £N ,500,000.

The northern New South Wales collieries are the biggest in the Commonwealth.

Production in 1921 totalled 13,000,000 tons for all Australia, of which 3,000,000 were

exported overseas.

SOME M A M T A ( Y\ { RIN ( ; KX 111 HITS

In 1921-22 the value <>l roods manulactured in Australia was £320,(100,000. The total value <)t Australian products was £347,000,000. of which the value added to raw material hy manulacture w as £121,000,(100 more h> nearly £40 000.000 than the value of agricultural products, the next most important. In 1921-22 the output of food and drinks was valued at £111.000,000, of machinerv at £53,500,000, and of textiles at £13,600,000.

33,000 acres.

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Growing irrigation areas have brought about a bit» expansion in viticulture. In 1921-22 the 92,00.) act es in Nines showed an increase in area by over one-third on the* I inures o' live years before. South Australia, with 41,000 acres of vines, produced in 1921-22 over 6,000,000 gallons of wine of Australia's total of <S,000,000 gallons. Victoria, with

grew two-thirds ol all the raisins and currants dried.

Til K TIMKKK AM) IRRIGATION TROPHIES.

\ ietoria, New South W ales, and South Australia, are increasing their irrigated areas by damming the Murray, on which the Hume Reservoir will eventually he the largest in the world, storing 2,0()(),0()0 acre feet of water. The BurrinjucU Dam on the Murrumbidgee River (N.S.W.) will irrigate 200,000 acres. The Sugarloaf Weir (Vic.) will store up^to

000.000 acre feet.

A MODEL ORCHARD.

Fruit is grown extensively in all the States, and Australia s range of climate permits ol every variety being produced, from pineapples to strawberries. In 1922 218,000 acres ol orchard produced £0,500.000 worth of fruit. Apples, oranges, peaches and bananas were the four biggest crops. Much fruit is grown under irrigation, especially grapes

and citrus fruits.

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TIIK AUSTRALIAN APPLE STALL

Australian apples are some oi the tinest in the world I asmania is the great apple-growing State* and provided a,(100,000 bushels ol the (>,500,()(;() «Town in Australia in 1921-22. I he total value ol the crop was £2,000,000. In the apple season many overseas liners are diverted to lasmanian ports to load apples lor the United Kingdom. Victoria also has large orchards, and is the second greatest producer in the Commonwealth.

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Till: FRITT STALL AM) Till-: MODHL ORCHARD.

This picture gives an excellent idea of (lie size to which some of (lie orchards run, and the kind ol country in which many of them are situated. Rolling, hilly country is much used lor orchards, where irrigation is not needed. The sight of acres and acres of trees symmetrically planted in rows, with the soil well t i I let! and free of weeds, is very pleasing

PICKING PRl^TIT IN AN AISTRAUAN ORCHARD.

Alter months spent on ploughing and constantly tilling the land, pruning the trees, and spraying them, comes the picking season. Many people from the towns spend their summer holidays picking lor the orchardists The fruit is graded and packed and promptly sent to the cool stores, which are a feature ol every fruit-growing district : from there it is despatched in special cool trucks to the markets for sale at home or overseas.

Much of the fruit grown is made lip into jams or sauces, or is tinned for home and foreign use. In 1921-22 there were 164 factories with 6,000 employees, whose total output was worth £4,000,000. Nearly 57,000,000 lbs. of jam were made, and 12.000,000 lbs. of fruit preserves. About 20,000.000 pints of sauce and pickles were produced and 20.000,000 lbs.

of fruit pulped.

TIIK GRAIN EXHIBIT,

Wheat, oats, and maize are the the largest ,i»rain crops. Last seasons wheat crop was estimated at 126,00(),0()() bushels from 9,50().00() acres. For 1921-22 the value of wheat was £35,()()0,()0() or £3-12-4 an acre. Nearly 118.000,()()() bushels were exported. (Queensland and lasmania ^row comparatively little wheat. In 1921-22 12,()()(),0()() bushels o! oats, and 7,8()(),()9() bushels of maize were grown in the Commonwealth.

v\ heat, hay and oats comprise <SS per cent, ol the crops harvested. In IP21-22, o,i)()0,(!()0 tons were gathered Ironi .>,()()().()()() acres, inving an average of 1..>() tons per acre. 11 a > is the second biggest crop cultivated. In N ew South W ales. South Australia, and W'estern Australia, wheaten hay is mostly grown : in Victoria and ’Tasmania, oaten hay ; and in Queensland, lucerne hav. Nearly half-a-million acres were under green forage.

THE A 1STR ALIAN I>>AKERY.

Of Australia s total exports of wheat and flour in recent years the latter represented 23 per cent of the whole. In 1921-22 360,000 tons were sold overseas, and of this about one-third went to the United Kingdom. In another part of the building is a model flour mill. At the bakery visitors may test for themselves the quality of the flour

Australian mills produce.

TROPICAL PRODICTION IN AUSTRALIA.

Northern Australia lies well into the Tropics. Australia also controls Papua and the former German territory of New Guinea. Sugar is the most valuable crop. In 1921-22 300,000 tons were crushed from 2,500,000 tons of cane, and normally Australia produces all the sugar she uses. Pineapples and bananas grown in Queensland and northern New South Wales returned £105,000 and £735,000 from 1,000 and 1 1,500 acres.

AUSTRALIAN PRODUCTION OF COTTON.

Queensland tirst grew cotton in 1861, when the American Civil War caused a world shortage, l>nt the industry languished, and in 1919 only 72 acres were planted. By 1923, however, the area had grown to 35,000 acres. The estimate for last season was 108,000 acres, yielding 50,000,000 lbs. of unginned cotton, worth over £1,000,000. The Government

guarantees 5id. a lb. on all cotton.

AUSTRALIAN WOOL.

File Commonwealth is the world s greatest producer of wool and grows one quarter of the total supplies. Wool sold abroad comprises nearly 39 per cent, of Australia's total exports. Sales overseas in 1921-22 brought £4X.()00,000. The estimated clip for the 1922-23 season was 633.000.000 lbs. of greasy wool, of which 60,000,000 lbs.

were made up in Australia.

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AN AUSTRALIAN SHKHP STATION.

Sheai mi» is the busiest time of all on a station. Shearers work at high speed. Drovers are all day moving big mobs of sheep. The wool is sorted, baled up and carted away and olten washed to save weight on long journeys. There is the work of dipping the sheep, and at all times much mustering and drafting and keeping

miles ol fences in repair.

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SHEARING SIIKKP.

I he pastoral industry lias been developed to a high pitch oi excellence in the (Commonwealth. Shearers are skilled workers. Many of them begin work early in the year in North Queensland, and, following the season, move as far south as Tasmania, where shearing is often not till Christmas. Many shear from 150 to 200 sheep a day. The

ordinary rate of pay is £1 15s. a hundred.

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WOOL AM) I KOZLN PKODl'CTS.

On the right is the frozen products exhibit. It is appropriate that it should he near the wool trophy, for pastoralists are intimately concerned in the sales of mutton and lamb overseas. Wool for large growers remains 1110s important, but among the main “mixed farmers with small flocks of sheep meat prices mean more than wool prices. Small flocks are popular in wheat-growing districts where sheep enrich fallow land.

PART OF \N()()I. SECTION.

EXHIBITS OK GRAIN AND FROZEN PRODUCTS.

Australia sends and lamb form of mutton and butter and the

fruit exported totalled 95.900.000 lbs. and was worth £1.000.000.

abioad large (juantities ol refrigerated cargo« of which beef, mutton tile biggest class. I11 1921-22, 124,000.000 lbs. of beef and 92.000,000 lbs. lamb, worth in all fl.000.000. were exported. The 127.000,000 lbs. of 12.600,000 lbs. of cheese sold overseas were worth £8,000,000. Fresh

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the Fresian is a popular exhibit at the Pavilion. This mechanical cow many interesting things—sometimes to the surprise of the looker-on of her abilities. She will swish her tail, move her head and murmur ⁴⁴Good Morning. She is guaranteed not to rush.

Between 1917 and 1921 the number of dairy cows increased by 20 per cent., and the value of exports by over £4,000,000. Butter production in 1921 totalled 207,000,000 lbs., and cheese 33,000,000 lbs. Over 70,000,000 lbs. of concentrated and powdered milk were made. 1 here were in 1921-22 about 000 butter, cheese and condensed milk factories, producing

goods worth £22,000,000.

Dairying in Australia is much simplified by the mildness of the climate, obviates stalling cattle in the winter. I he industry is largely made a part o! farming. Co-operative dairy factories ensure to farmers fair returns. The are mainly in the better watered districts, in the hills and along the coast

Dairying is popular in irrigation areas.

which mixed farms al belt.

In the Forestry Section are exhibits ol Australian-made violins. Here are some Beale pianos made in Australia of Australian materials. I heir frames are ol Lithgow (N.S.W.) pig-iron, the bass strings of Australian electrolytic copper, and Australian woods form the casings. The very fine finish is a tribute to the good craftsmanship of Australian workmen, and the excellence ol the materials used.

[Photo. Cainphell-Gray, Lt«l

THH CROWD ON WHIT MONDAY.

I hat the Amusement Park is not the only source ot attraction at Wembley, as cynics prophesied, is shown by this photograph of the interior of the Australian Pavilion on W hit Monday, when over 00A)()() people passed through the building. It is probably no exaggeration to say that ol all the Pavilions at \\ embley the Australian is the most popular.

his picture shows some of the qualities of wool grown. Australia is supreme not only in the quantity she produces hut also in the quality. Over seventy per cent, of the total clip is Merino, the best wool in the world. Australia made £34,000,000 additional protit on the re-sale of the wool stocks bought by the British Government during the war, because prices boomed in fine grade wools when peace came.

stralian Pavilion

AUSTRALIAN PAVILION

BRITISH EMPIRE EXHIBITION

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