Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease among African migrant and refugee adults in Melbourne Renzaho, Andre M. N., Nowson, Caryl, Kaur, Ambi, Halliday, Jennifer A., Fong, David and DeSilva, Janina 2011, Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease among African migrant and refugee adults in Melbourne, Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 397-403. Attached Files Name Description MIMEType Size Downloads renzaho-prevalenceofvitamin-2011.pdf Published version application/pdf 212.73KB 768 Title Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease among African migrant and refugee adults in Melbourne Author(s) Renzaho, Andre M. N. Nowson, Caryl orcid.org/0000-0001-6586-7965 Kaur, Ambi Halliday, Jennifer A. orcid.org/0000-0003-1156-279X Fong, David DeSilva, Janina Journal name Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition Volume number 20 Issue number 3 Start page 397 End page 403 Total pages 7 Publisher HEC Press Place of publication McKinnon, Vic. Publication date 2011 ISSN 0964-7058 1440-6047 Keyword(s) vitamin D insufficiency fasting plasma glucose African migrants and refugees insulin resistance obesity Summary Migration to industrialised countries poses a “double whammy” for type 2 diabetes among sub-Saharan African migrant and refugee adults. This population group has been found to be at an increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes, which may be further aggravated by inadequate vitamin D status. Thus, this study aimed to describe the demographics of vitamin D insufficiency, obesity, and risk factors for type 2 diabetes among sub-Saharan African migrants and refugees aged 20 years or older living in Melbourne, Australia (n=49). Data were obtained by a questionnaire, medical assessment, and fasting blood samples. The mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was 27.3 nmol/L (95% CI: 22.2, 32.4 nmol/L); with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels <50 nmol/L occurring in 88% of participants. Participants displayed a cluster of risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: 62% were overweight or obese, 47% had insulin resistance (HOMA-IR ≥2), 25% had low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels ≥3.5 mmol/L, 24.5% had high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels ≤1.03 mmol/L, 34.6% had borderline or high levels of total cholesterol (≥5.2 mmol/L), 18.2% had borderline or high levels of triglyceride (≥1.7 mmol/L), and 16% had hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg). These findings suggest that sub-Saharan African migrants and refugees may be at risk of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis-related diseases such as ischemic heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. Well-designed vitamin D interventions that incorporate lifestyle changes are urgently needed in this sub-population. Notes Reproduced with the kind permission of the copyright owner. Language eng Field of Research 111104 Public Nutrition Intervention Socio Economic Objective 920503 Health Related to Specific Ethnic Groups HERDC Research category C1 Refereed article in a scholarly journal Copyright notice ©2011, HEC Press Free to Read? Yes Persistent URL http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30036933 Document type: Journal Article Collections: Faculty of Arts and Education Faculty of Health School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Higher Education Research Group Population Health Open Access Collection Related Links Link Description Connect to published version (restricted access) Go to link with your DU access privileges     Unless expressly stated otherwise, the copyright for items in DRO is owned by the author, with all rights reserved. Every reasonable effort has been made to ensure that permission has been obtained for items included in DRO. If you believe that your rights have been infringed by this repository, please contact drosupport@deakin.edu.au. Versions Version Filter Type Mon, 26 Sep 2011, 09:30:30 EST Mon, 26 Sep 2011, 12:21:10 EST Mon, 26 Sep 2011, 12:26:44 EST Mon, 26 Sep 2011, 12:28:54 EST Mon, 26 Sep 2011, 12:31:24 EST Mon, 26 Sep 2011, 12:32:05 EST Wed, 28 Sep 2011, 09:13:31 EST Mon, 17 Jun 2013, 16:57:23 EST Mon, 29 Jun 2015, 14:41:55 EST Tue, 05 Dec 2017, 10:52:58 EST Fri, 07 Sep 2018, 15:31:41 EST Filtered Full Citation counts:   Cited 20 times in TR Web of Science Cited 19 times in Scopus Search Google Scholar Access Statistics: 1626 Abstract Views, 768 File Downloads  -  Detailed Statistics Created: Mon, 26 Sep 2011, 09:30:05 EST by Penny Andrews