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The association between dietary sodium intake, adiposity and sugar-sweetened beverages in children and adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Grimes, Carley, Bolton, Kristy, Booth, Alison, Khokhar, Ajam, Service, Carrie, He, FH and Nowson, Caryl 2021, The association between dietary sodium intake, adiposity and sugar-sweetened beverages in children and adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis, British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 126, no. 3, pp. 409-427, doi: 10.1017/S0007114520004122.

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Title The association between dietary sodium intake, adiposity and sugar-sweetened beverages in children and adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Author(s) Grimes, CarleyORCID iD for Grimes, Carley orcid.org/0000-0002-9123-1888
Bolton, KristyORCID iD for Bolton, Kristy orcid.org/0000-0001-6721-4503
Booth, AlisonORCID iD for Booth, Alison orcid.org/0000-0003-4914-7006
Khokhar, Ajam
Service, Carrie
He, FHORCID iD for He, FH orcid.org/0000-0001-6586-7965
Nowson, Caryl
Journal name British Journal of Nutrition
Volume number 126
Issue number 3
Article ID PII S0007114520004122
Start page 409
End page 427
Total pages 19
Publisher CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
Place of publication England
Publication date 2021-08-14
ISSN 0007-1145
1475-2662
Keyword(s) Science & Technology
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Nutrition & Dietetics
Salt intake
Sodium intake
Diet
Obesity
Adiposity
Systematic reviews
KOREA NATIONAL-HEALTH
BODY-WEIGHT STATUS
H URINARY SODIUM
BLOOD-PRESSURE
HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
POTASSIUM INTAKE
NONPHARMACOLOGIC INTERVENTIONS
DISEASE RISK
II DIABETICS
Summary AbstractHigher intakes of Na may contribute to weight gain. The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the relationship between dietary Na intake and measures of adiposity in children and adults. Given the previous link between Na intake and the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), which are a known risk factor for obesity, a secondary aim examining the relationship between Na intake and SSB consumption was assessed. A systematic literature search identified cross-sectional and longitudinal studies and randomised controlled trials (RCT) which reduced dietary Na (≥3 months). Meta-analysis was performed for outcomes with ≥3 studies. Cross-sectionally higher Na intakes were associated with overweight/obesity in adults (five studies; n 11 067; OR 1·74; 95 % CI 1·43, 2·13) and in children (three studies; n 3625, OR 3·29; 95 % CI 2·25, 4·80), and abdominal obesity (five studies; n 19 744; OR 2·04; 95 % CI 1·72, 2·42) in adults. Overall, associations remained in sensitivity analyses which adjusted for energy. Findings from longitudinal studies were inconsistent. RCT in adults indicated a trend for lower body weight on reduced-Na compared with control diets (fifteen studies; n 5274; −0·29 kg; 95 % CI −0·59, 0·01; P = 0·06); however, it is unclear if energy intakes were also altered on reduced-Na diets. Among children higher Na intakes were associated with higher intake of SSB (four studies, n 10 329, b = 22, 16 and 26 g/d); no studies were retrieved for adults. Overall, there was a lack of high-quality studies retrieved. While cross-sectional evidence indicates Na intake was positively associated with adiposity, these findings have not been clearly confirmed by longitudinal studies or RCT.
Language eng
DOI 10.1017/S0007114520004122
Field of Research 0702 Animal Production
0908 Food Sciences
1111 Nutrition and Dietetics
HERDC Research category C1 Refereed article in a scholarly journal
Persistent URL http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30144467

Document type: Journal Article
Collections: Faculty of Health
School of Health and Social Development
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